SCIENCE
FCI DOBERMANN STANDARD
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DOBERMANN FCI Standard No. 143 / 14.02.1994 / GB Country of Origin: Germany Use: Companion, protection, and working dog F.C.I. CLASSIFICATION: Group 2 (Pinscher
and Schnauzer type- |
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BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY: The Dobermann is
the only German breed which bears the name of its original breeder, Friedrich
Louis Dobermann (02.01.1834 - 09.06.1894).
He was believed to be a tax collector, offal abattoir manager (knacker) and
a part time dog catcher, legally able to catch all stray dogs. He bred with
animals from this reservoir that were particularly sharp. The so called "butcher's
dogs" which were already considered a relatively pure breed at that time,
played a most important role in the origination of the Dobermann breed. These
dogs were an early type of Rottweiler, mixed with a type of shepherd which existed
in "Thüringen" as a black dog with rust red markings. Herr Dobermann
bred with this mixture of dogs in the Eighteen Seventies. Thus he obtained "his
breed" : not only alert, but highly protective working and housedogs. They
were often used as guard and police dogs. Their extensive use in police work
led to the nickname "Gendarme dog". They were used in hunting to control
large vermin. In these circumstances it was a matter of course that the Dobermann
was recognized officially as a Police Dog by the beginning of the century.
The Dobermann breed requires a medium sized, powerful, muscular dog. Despite
his substance he shall be elegant and noble, which will be evident in his body
line. He must be exceptionally suitable as a companion, protection and working
dog and also as family dog.
GENERAL APPEARANCE: The Dobermann is of medium
size, strong and muscularly built. Through the elegant lines of its body, its
proud stature, and its expression of determination, it conforms to the ideal
picture of a dog.
IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: The body of the Dobermann
appears to be almost square, particularly in males. The length of the body measured
from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock shall not be more
than 5% longer than the height from the withers to the ground in males, and
10% in females.
BEHAVIOUR AND TEMPERAMENT: The disposition
of the Dobermann is friendly and calm; very devoted to the family it loves children.
Medium temperament and medium sharpness (alertness) is desired. A medium threshold
of irritation is required with a good contact to the owner. Easy to train, The
Dobermann enjoys working, and shall have good working ability, courage and hardness.
The particular values of self confidence and intrepidness are required, and
also adaptability and attention to fit the social environment.
HEAD CRANIAL REGION: Strong and in proportion
to the body. Seen from the top the head is shaped in the form of a blunt wedge.
Viewed from the front the crown line shall be almost level and not dropping
off to the ears. The muzzle line extends almost straight to the top line of
the skull which falls, gently rounded, into the neck line. The superciliary
ridge is well developed without protruding. The forehead furrow is still visible.
The Occiput shall not be conspicuous. Seen from the front and the top the sides
of the head must not bulge. The slight bulge between the rear of the upper jawbone
and the cheek bone shall be in harmony with the total length of the head. The
head muscles shall be well developed.
Stop: Shall be slight but visibly developed.
FACIAL REGION
Nose: Nostrils well developed, more broad than round, with large openings
without overall protrusion. Black - on black dogs; on brown dogs, corresponding
lighter shades.
Muzzle: The muzzle must be in the right proportion with the upper head
and must be strongly developed. The muzzle shall have depth. The mouth opening
shall be wide, reaching to the molars. A good muzzle width must also be present
on the upper and lower incisor area.
Flews: They shall be tight and lie close to the jaw which will ensure
a tight closure of the mouth. The pigment of the gum to be dark; on brown dogs
a corresponding lighter shade.
Jaw/Dentition/Teeth: Powerful broad upper and under jaw, scissor bite,
42 teeth correctly placed and normal size.
Eyes: Middle size oval and dark in color. Lighter shades are permitted
for brown dogs. Close lying eyelids. Eyelids shall be covered with hair. Baldness
around the rim of the eye is highly undesirable.
Ears: The ear, which is set high, is carried erect and cropped to a length
in proportion to the head. In a country where cropping is not permitted the
uncropped ear is equally recognized. (Medium size preferred and with the front
edge lying close to the cheeks).
NECK: The neck must have a good length and
be in proportion to the body and the head. It is dry and muscular. Its outline
rises gradually and is softly curved. Its carriage is upright and shows much
nobility.
BODY
Withers: Shall be pronounced in height and length, especially in males
and thereby determine the slope of the top line rising from the croup to the
withers.
Back: Short and tight, of good width and well muscled.
Loin: Of good width and well muscled. The bitch can be slightly longer
in loin because she requires space for suckling.
Croup: It shall fall slightly, hardly perceptible from sacrum to the
root of the tail, and appears well rounded, being neither straight nor noticeably
sloping, of good width and well muscled.
Chest: Length and depth of chest must be in the right proportion to the
body length. The depth with slightly arched ribs should be approximately 50%
the height of the dog at the withers. The chest has got a good width with especially
well developed fore chest.
Underline: From the bottom of the breastbone to the pelvis the underline
is noticeably tucked up.
Tail: It is high set and docked short whereby approximately two tail
vertebrae remain visible. In countries where docking is legally not permitted
the tail may remain natural.
LIMBS
FOREQUARTERS: The front legs as seen from all sides are almost straight,
vertical to the ground and strongly developed.
Shoulders:The shoulder-blade lies close against the chest, and both sides
of the shoulder-blade edge are well muscled and reach over the top of the Thoracic
Vertebra, slanting as much as possible and well set back. The angle to the horizontal
is approximately 50%.
Upper Arm: Good length, well muscled, the angle to the shoulder-blade
is approximately 105o to 110o.
Elbow: Close in, not turned out.
Lower Arm: Strong and straight. Well muscled. Length in harmony with
the whole body.
Carpus: Strong.
Metacarpus: Bones strong. Straight seen from the front. Seen from the
side, only slightly sloping, maximum 10o.
Front Foot: The feet are short and tight. The toes are arched towards
the top (cat like). Nails short and black.
HINDQUARTERS: Seen from the back the Dobermann looks, because of his
well developed pelvic muscles in hips and croup, wide and rounded off. The muscles
running from the pelvic towards the upper and lower thigh result in good width
development, as well as in the upper thigh area, in the knee joint area and
at the lower thigh. The strong hind legs are straight and stand parallel.
Upper Thigh: Good length and width, well muscled. Good angulations to
the hip joint. Angulations to the horizontal approximately between 80o to 85o.
Knee: The knee joint is strong and is formed by the upper and lower thigh
as well as the knee cap. The knee angulations are approximately 130o.
Lower Thigh: Medium length and in harmony with the total length of the
hindquarter.
Hock joint: Medium strength and parallel. The lower thigh bone is joined to
the Metatarsal at the hock joint (Angle about 140o).
Metatarsus: It is short and stands vertical to the ground.
Hind Foot: Like the front feet, the toes of the back feet are short,
arched and closed. Nails are short and black.
GAIT: The gait is of special importance to
both the working ability as well as the exterior appearance. The gait is elastic,
elegant, agile, free and ground covering. The front legs reach out as far as
possible. The hind quarter gives far reaching and necessary elastic drive. The
front leg of one side and back leg of the other side move forward at the same
time. There should be good stability of the back, the ligaments and the joints.
SKIN: The skin fits closely all over and
is of good pigment.
COAT
HAIR: The hair is short, hard and thick. It lies tight and smooth and
is equally distributed over the whole surface.
Undercoat is not allowed.
COLOUR: The color is black or brown, with rust red clearly defined and
clean markings. Markings on the muzzle, as a spot on the cheeks and the top
of the eyebrow, on the throat, two spots on the fore chest, on the metacarpus,
metatarsus and feet, on the inside of the back thigh, on the arms and below
the tail.
SIZE AND WEIGHT
SIZE: Height at the highest point of withers.
Males: 68 - 72 cm
Bitches: 63 - 68 cm
Medium size desirable.
WEIGHT: Males about 40 - 45 kg
Bitches about 32 - 35 kg
FAULTS: any departure from the foregoing
points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault
should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.
General Appearance: Reversal of sexual impression; little substance;
too light; too heavy; too leggy; weak bones.
Head: Too heavy; too narrow; too short; too long; too much or too little
stop; Roman nose; bad slope of the top line of the skull; weak under jaw; round
or slit eyes; light eye; cheeks too heavy; loose flews; eyes too open or too
deep-set; ear set too high or too low; open mouth angle.
Neck: Slightly short; too short; loose skin around the throat; dewlap;
too long (not in harmony); ewe neck.
Body: Back not tight; sloping croup; sway back; roach back; insufficient
or too much spring of rib; insufficient depth or width of chest; back too long
overall; too little fore chest; tail set too high or too low; too little or
too much tuck up.
Limbs: Too little or too much angulations front or hindquarters; loose
elbow; deviations from the standard position and length of bones and joints;
feet too close together or too wide apart; cow-hocks, spread hocks, close hocks;
open or soft paws, crooked toes; pale nails.
Coat: Markings too light or not sharply defined; smudged markings; mask
too dark; big black spot on the legs; chest markings hardly visible or too large;
hair long, soft, curly or dull. Thin coat; bald patches; large tufts of hair
particularly on the body; visible undercoat.
Character: Inadequate self confidence; temperament too high; sharpness
too high; too high or too low a threshold of irritation.
Size: Deviation of size up to two centimeters from the standard should
result in a lowering of the quality grading.
Gait: Wobbly; restricted or stiff gait; pacing.
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS
General: pronounced reversal of sexual impressions.
Eyes: Yellow eyes (bird of prey eye); wall eye.
Dentition: Overshot; level bite; undershot; missing teeth.
Coat: White spots; pronounced long and wavy hair; pronounced thin coat
or large bald patches.
Character: Fearful, nervous and aggressive animals.
Size: Dogs which deviate more than two centimeters over or under the
standard.
N.B.: Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.